Against the Ṭāʾī ض and the Ẓāʾī ض بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله وعلى آله وصحبه وأزواجه وذريته أجمعين أما بعد Introduction The Arabic language is known for the letter ض, and many have considered it the most unique and characteristic letter of the language. This is…

In the way of statements of scholars, the proponents of the Ṭāʾī ض had very little to hold on to in support of their view. The only thing they used in this respect was a description given by Ibn Sīnā of the pronunciation of the letter ض in a treatise on the pronunciation of letters,…

Similarly to the previous section, the first thing that must be done here is define the relevant terms. The basic definition of tawātur refers to the narration of a large mass of people of something they witnessed by their senses such that their agreement on a false narration is impossible due to their number. According…

To begin, it is necessary to explain the meanings of the terms mak͟hraj and ṣifāt. The mak͟hraj of a letter refers to the place from which its sound emerges, while the ṣifāt are the additional defining characteristics of the letter. To properly pronounce the Arabic letters for recitation of the Qurʾān, it is important to…